Watch: be prepared and ready to act. Warning: take action now, moving to an interior room on the lowest floor of a sturdy building and staying away from windows.
The difference in one line
A watch says conditions are right for tornadoes. A warning says one is happening or is shown on radar. A watch is the time to get ready. A warning is the time to take shelter.
Who issues each, and how big the area is
The Storm Prediction Center issues tornado watches, which are typically large and cover numerous counties or even states. Your local forecast office issues tornado warnings, which are usually about the size of a city or small county. A warning for your town can fall inside a much larger watch.
What to do in a tornado watch
Review your emergency plan, check your supplies and your safe room, and be ready to act quickly if a warning is issued or a tornado seems to be approaching.
What to do in a tornado warning
Move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a sturdy building and stay away from windows. In a mobile home, a vehicle or outdoors, go to the closest substantial shelter and protect yourself from flying debris.
Tornado emergency
A tornado emergency is the National Weather Service highest tornado alert level. Seek the safest refuge possible immediately, and do not try to outrun a tornado in a vehicle. See our tornado safety guide for where to shelter at home, in a vehicle or in a mobile home.
Tornado emergency and PDS: the highest levels
Above the ordinary tornado warning, the National Weather Service uses two higher tiers: a considerable tier called a particularly dangerous situation (PDS), and the tornado emergency for catastrophic damage that is happening or about to happen. A PDS can also be added to a tornado watch, meaning long-lived, strong or violent tornadoes are possible. Our tornado emergency guide explains each and lists every tornado emergency since 1999.
Check your own location
See current official alerts and the impact for your ZIP code.
Common questions
What is the difference between a tornado watch and a tornado warning?
A watch means tornadoes are possible in and near the watch area. A warning means a tornado has been sighted or indicated by weather radar and there is imminent danger to life and property.
Who issues a tornado watch and a tornado warning?
The Storm Prediction Center issues tornado watches. Your local National Weather Service forecast office issues tornado warnings.
Sources
Reviewed by the Storm Incoming editorial team on October 27, 2026. Follow local emergency officials if their instructions differ.